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Alexander Kolchak
Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak ((ロシア語:Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к), – 7 February 1920) was a polar explorer and commander in the Imperial Russian Navy, who fought in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. During the Russian Civil War, he established an anti-communist government in Siberia—later the Provisional All-Russian Government—and was recognised as the "Supreme Ruler and Commander-in-Chief of All Russian Land and Sea Forces" by the other leaders of the White movement from 1918 to 1920.〔Jon Smele (2006) ''Civil War in Siberia: The Anti-Bolshevik Government of Admiral Kolchak, 1918–1920'', Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521029074. p.77〕 His government was based in Omsk, in southwestern Siberia.
For a year and a half, Kolchak was the internationally recognised leader of Russia. He tried to defeat Bolshevism by ruling as a dictator but his government proved weak and ineffective. He also failed to unite the numerous but disparate anti-Bolshevik elements; Kolchak refused to consider autonomy for ethnic minorities and refused to cooperate with non-Bolshevik leftists, and also relied too heavily on outside aid. As his White forces fell apart, he was betrayed and captured by independent units who handed him over to local Bolsheviks, who executed him.〔N. G. O. Pereira, "White Power during the Civil War in Siberia (1918–1920): Dilemmas of Kolchak's "War Anti-Communism," ''Canadian Slavonic Papers'' (1987) 29#1 pp 45–62.〕
== Biography ==
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